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Argumentation theory is a distinctly multidisciplinary field of
inquiry. It draws its data, assumptions, and methods from
disciplines as disparate as formal logic and discourse analysis,
linguistics and forensic science, philosophy and psychology,
political science and education, sociology and law, and rhetoric
and artificial intelligence. This presents the growing group of
interested scholars and students with a problem of access, since it
is even for those active in the field not common to have acquired a
familiarity with relevant aspects of each discipline that enters
into this multidisciplinary matrix. This book offers its readers a
unique comprehensive survey of the various theoretical
contributions which have been made to the study of argumentation.
It discusses the historical works that provide the background to
the field and all major approaches and trends in contemporary
research.
Argumentation theory is a distinctly multidisciplinary field of
inquiry. It draws its data, assumptions, and methods from
disciplines as disparate as formal logic and discourse analysis,
linguistics and forensic science, philosophy and psychology,
political science and education, sociology and law, and rhetoric
and artificial intelligence. This presents the growing group of
interested scholars and students with a problem of access, since it
is even for those active in the field not common to have acquired a
familiarity with relevant aspects of each discipline that enters
into this multidisciplinary matrix. This book offers its readers a
unique comprehensive survey of the various theoretical
contributions which have been made to the study of argumentation.
It discusses the historical works that provide the background to
the field and all major approaches and trends in contemporary
research.
This volume gives a theoretical account of the problem of analyzing
and evaluating argumentative discourse. After placing argumentation
in a communicative perspective, and then discussing the fallacies
that occur when certain rules of communication are violated, the
authors offer an alternative to both the linguistically-inspired
descriptive and logically-inspired normative approaches to
argumentation.
This volume gives a theoretical account of the problem of analyzing and evaluating argumentative discourse. After placing argumentation in a communicative perspective, and then discussing the fallacies that occur when certain rules of communication are violated, the authors offer an alternative to both the linguistically-inspired descriptive and logically-inspired normative approaches to argumentation. The authors characterize argumentation as a complex speech act in a critical discussion aimed at resolving a difference of opinion. The various stages of a critical discussion are outlined, and the communicative and interactional aspects of the speech acts performed in resolving a simple or complex dispute are discussed. After dealing with crucial aspects of analysis and linking the evaluation of argumentative discourse to the analysis, the authors identify the fallacies that can occur at various stages of discussion. Their general aim is to elucidate their own pragma- dialectical perspective on the analysis and evaluation of argumentative discourse, bringing together pragmatic insight concerning speech acts and dialectical insight concerning critical discussion.
Two authorities in argumentation theory present a view of argumentation as a means of resolving differences of opinion by testing the acceptability of the disputed positions. Their model of a "critical discussion" serves as a theoretical tool for analyzing, evaluating and producing argumentative discourse. This major contribution to the study of argumentation will be of particular value to professionals and graduate students in speech communication, informal logic, rhetoric, critical thinking, linguistics, and philosophy.
Reconstructing Argumentative Discourse analyzes argumentation in ordinary disputes. The analysis begins with an ideal model: a theoretical structure of discourse that might be used to resolve a dispute about the merits of two opposing cases. The ideal model does not describe actual argumentative practice. Argumentative discourse does not always seek genuine resolution and, when it does, the participants may not perform as ideal arguers. A central challenge for argumentation theory is to give an account of argumentation occurring under less-than-ideal conditions and conducted by less-than-ideal participants. The authors offer detailed analysis of argument in such contexts as ordinary conversation, third party dispute mediation, and religious confrontation. An adequate analytic approach to such forms of discourse, the authors argue, must offer critical insight into actual practice; must begin with a defensible normative standard against which practice can be compared; and must also offer an applicable analytic machinery for making the comparison, so its methods can be tailored to empirical circumstances. The authors position their study of argumentation within a general 'normative pragmatics' characterized by a dual commitment to usefulness and adequacy in description. A distinctive set of practical applications and a distinctive view of practicality follow from this approach, characterized not by the search for generalizable means-end relationships but by the development and testing of plans for making real argumentation look as much as possible like ideal argumentation. This book integrates for the first time the normative interest of dialectical theories of argumentation with the descriptive interests of the empirical study of everyday language use. This ambitious project is achieved by adopting a distinctively social and pragmatic view of argumentation - by seeing argumentation as a language activity structured for the function of resolving disagreements. The authors examine argumentation in a wide variety of contexts - including everyday conversation, campus evangelism, political speeches, newspaper letters to the editor, and the formal mediation of disputes. In doing so, they illustrate how to analyze the details of actual argumentation and tackle a variety of theoretical and methodological puzzles encountered in the effort to apply normative models to real life argumentation.
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